The effects of the amphoteric and basic oxides alumina and lime on the phase equilibria of copper matte and silica-saturated slags were investigated at 130 ... A schematic diagram of the experimental ... and copper in slags. Hence, further effort is needed to investigate the copper dissolution mechanism in slags in the copper smelting …
ABSTRACT. The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to produce pure Ni products as well as by-products, such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and precious metals.
1.3 Thermodynamics of Copper Matte-Slag Interactions in Flash Smelting Thermodynamically, the matte-slag reactions in the smelting process are best described through the phase diagram by Yazawa and Kameda [30], shown in Fig. 1. In relation to the presence of copper in the system, Hidayat et al. [3] have studied the equilibrium of the
The converting of copper matte after the smelting process is one of the main steps in the copper-making industry. This work used microstructural analyses of samples collected at different stages of converting and thermochemical calculations to study a real converting batch in a Peirce-Smith converter at Atlantic Copper. The transformation of matte and …
Metallurgy - Matte Smelting, Refining, Alloying: The primary purpose of matte smelting is to melt and recombine the charge into a homogeneous matte of metallic copper, nickel, cobalt, and iron sulfides and to give an iron and silicon oxide slag. It is done in many types of furnace on both roasted or unroasted sulfide feed material. The reverberatory furnace …
Copper Matte Converting. This is the metallurgy process in which air or oxygen-rich air is used as an oxidant to completely oxidize the iron and sulfur in copper matte in order to make blister copper. At present, the traditional Pierce-Smith (P-S) converting process is still the main process for copper matte converting.
The Process. The concentrated ore is heated strongly with silicon dioxide (silica) and air or oxygen in a furnace or series of furnaces. The copper(II) ions in the chalcopyrite are reduced to copper(I) sulfide (which is reduced further to copper metal in the final stage).
The process of extraction of copper from its ores and preparing copper metal or chemical compounds for use in various goods is known as copper processing.
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1395 Flows of Selected Materials Associated with World Copper Smelting By Thomas G. Goonan Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not Imply
A typical example is the process used at Rustenburg Base Metals Refiners that treats the non-magnetic nickel-copper matte from a slow cooling matte separation process ... P.K. Development of Intec Copper Process by an international consortium. In Hydrometallurgy '94 ... Simplified TML process diagram for Hartley oxide ore. Other …
The waste heat recovery is not included in Fig. 1 Schematic process flow diagram of the synergistic copper process [4] the calculations. The cold matte 70% Cu is converted to blister copper ...
The copper production process. Although metallic copper occurs naturally, it is mainly extracted from sulfide ores in a metallurgical smelting process. There are four main steps. 1. An initial smelting process extracts copper concentrates, resulting in …
A typical pyrometallurgical copper smelting process, as illustrated in Figure 12.3-1, includes 4 steps: roasting, smelting, concentrating, and fire refining. Ore concentration is …
It has been shown that solid iron-copper alloys were present at matte grades below 56 wt% Cu, while liquid copper-iron alloys were formed for matte grades higher than 56 wt% Cu.
Copper matte converting is the key step to ensure high primary copper recovery in the smelting chain. Its development and the fundamental research carried out over the past decades will be reviewed...
Conventional converting of nickel-containing copper mattes in Peirce–Smith horizontal converters does not conform with the current environmental regulations. A global trend is to change over from conventional batch converting to a continuous converting process producing running slags. The main purpose of the continuous matte converting …
The Bayesian optimization support vector regression (BO-SVR) model was used to predict the copper content in the slag and matte grade by combining plant production data with …
The results of studies on the distribution of rare elements among the products of distillation processing of polymetallic mattes are present in this article. Schemes of the developed technological equipment for the implementation of the extraction processes of rare elements via the vacuum distillation of mattes are presented. …
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains various valuable metals, making it a potential secondary resource for sustainable metal usage. Pyrometallurgical smelting is an efficient technique to recycle WEEE by extracting precious metals into copper matte and removing impurities into slags. The impact of WEEE …
The copper extracted from this process is mixed with the slag and is called Matte Copper due to its texture and appearance. This mainly consists of Cu2S which is reduced to pure metal by blasting Matte Copper with air. Cu 2 S+O 2 → 2Cu+SO 2. The sulphur dioxide escapes the copper and this causes bubbles to appear and burst as SO2 leaves. This ...
Matte converting by P-S Converter is the metallurgical process in which copper matte or low-grade nickel matte is generated through matte smelting in pyrometallurgical smelting of sulfide concentrate of copper and nickel, and then the product reacts with air or oxygen-rich air in a horizontal converter to remove all or most of the …
The phase relationships can be seen more clearly on an isothermal diagram. ... The copper matte smelting can be conducted between 1423 and 1523 ... The metallurgical product forms that emerge from pyrometallurgical copper processing may be melted for processing into bar, rod, plate, strip, and so on.
A common method for nickel leaching from the matte is by using ammonia under high pressure, producing a nickel-bearing solution. ... an example of this is the carbonyl (or Mond) process: the copper and precious metals remain as a pyrophoric residue, which requires separate treatment. Whether high-grade or low-grade, nickel …
Copper matte converting is the key step to ensure high primary copper recovery in the smelting chain. Its development and the fundamental research carried out over the past decades will be...
Copper matte grade is a crucial parameter in the copper smelting process, involving the influence of various parameters. Therefore, many scholars have studied the prediction of copper matte grade from different perspectives. Zhao, for exam-ple, established a copper matte grade prediction model using a GA-BP neural network with cost ...
Copper matte converting is the key step to ensure high primary copper recovery in the smelting chain. Its development and the fundamental research carried …
Nickel processing - Extraction, Refining, Alloying: The extraction of nickel from ore follows much the same route as copper, and indeed, in a number of cases, similar processes and equipment are used. The major differences in equipment are the use of higher-temperature refractories and the increased cooling required to accommodate the higher operating …
Understanding the main parameters influencing the result of the copper smelting process is important to reproduce an existing copper smelting process within a thermodynamic model. The following parameters could be identified from literature: Matte grade: This parameter is defined as the Cu content in the matte in wt%. In practice …
Matte, crude mixture of molten sulfides formed as an intermediate product of the smelting of sulfide ores of metals, especially copper, nickel, and lead. Instead of being smelted directly to metal, copper ores are usually smelted to matte, preferably containing 40–45 percent copper along with iron
The process of taking the copper concentrate(CuFeS2) and reacting it with SiO2, and O2 to produce slag (waste), copper matte and sulphur dioxide (gas). The SO2 is collected at …
This process uses a series of physical steps and high temperatures to extract and purify copper from copper sulfide ores, in …
Most of the world's copper and nickel are currently produced by smelting sulphide concentrates. Resulting matte is then converted into metal. Peirce–Smith converting is currently used in the copper, nickel and platinum industries to remove iron and sulphur from a molten matte phase.
Copper Matte – Slag reaCtIon SequenCeS and SeparatIon proCeSSeS ... Thermodynamically, the matte-slag reactions in the smelting process are best described through the phase diagram by Yazawa and ...
Figure 8(a) represents the effect of the total oxygen flow rate on the matte mass and substance mass. The copper matte mainly consisted of Cu2S and a small amount of dissolved Cu, with almost no FeS. The mass of the copper matte decreased continuously as the oxygen flow rate …
This chapter briefly describes the technology for producing copper, from exploration, through mining and milling, to smelting and refining or solvent extraction and …
Provis et al. presented a semi-empirical mathematical model for the acid-oxygen pressure leaching of nickel–copper matte; the ... components through the reaction of biological metabolites and minerals is the indirect effect of the bioleaching process. The schematic diagram of biological leaching of sulfide ores is shown in Fig. ...
If chalcopyrite concentrate is used as raw material in direct to blister copper process, the direct recovery rate of copper is only slightly higher than 50%, and the process would be economically irrational, but some metallurgical researchers are …
The reverberatory furnace dominated copper matte smelting for much of the 1900s, because it was an excellent process for smelting fine concentrate from flotation. It is a fossil fuel fired hearth
The copper concentrates are fed through the flash smelting furnace with oxygen-enriched air. In the furnace, the concentrates are instantly oxidized, after which they melt and separate by their own reaction heat into …
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