The activation process was conducted using sulfuric acid under stirring and heating conditions. Subsequently, the pure bentonite was washed several times with deionized water to remove residual acid. ... After high-concentration sulfuric acid activation, the interlayers of Bentonite still retained sulfuric acid, some tiny mineral …
Activation of bentonite by acid is an important step for adsorption of some impurities by active clay [6]. This is so-called "activation process". The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid [7]. During ...
This study showed that bentonite could be applied as an efficient raw material for synthesizing solid acid catalyst, through a simple chemical (i.e., acid) …
Optimization of bleaching power by sulfuric acid activation of bentonite Hale Bayram1, ... clays that contain Na-smectite (Na-Sme) or Ca-smectite (Ca-Sme) as major clay minerals (Mache et al., 2015; ... temperature and contact time for the activation process, as well as the type and composition of the impurities in the vegetable oil (Christidis ...
process is a mandatory step to be done. Several studies on purification methods show the best approach by adsorption using bentonite. However, natural bentonite has limited adsorption capacity and low selectivity. An activation with acid and high temperature is expected to increase the adsorption capacity of color and its selectivity on
The major process of activation is thermal and acid activation. The acid activation is mostly carried out by sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid. This activation …
A bentonite from Kirkouk city region (Iraq) was activated with H 2 SO 4 at various ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 %). Due to ion exchange, the original (Ca, Mg, Na, K)-bentonite was converted to H ...
The search for inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternatives for used motor oil (UMO) purification has become a topic of research. In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid ...
In relation to acid activation and thermal treatment, the pillaring of clay minerals (Chapter 10.5) is a recent method of modification. ... Na-A, and tetragonal Pt phillipsite) varied with the thermal activation of kaolinite samples. ... Bentonite; Advanced Oxidation Process; Biochar; Montmorillonite; Nanocomposite; View all Topics. Recommended ...
Activated bentonites are low-cost acid catalysts used in several reactions. However, their application at an industrial scale is affected by the formation of colloidal suspensions when these bentonites are in aqueous solutions. In order to overcome these limitations, this work proposes obtaining a catalyst based on a composite containing …
The activation of bentonite results in an increase in the number of active sites, increase the pore volume, increase the surface area, etc. The major process of activation is thermal and acid activation. The acid activation is mostly carried out by sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Sodium ions removal performance of the bentonite activated at various acid concentration and activation time is shown in Fig. 6. Sodium removal from aqueous solution increases as bentonite activation acid increases from 1 M to 3 M and reduced for 4 M bentonite activation.
Na-bentonite was acid-activated by either H 2 SO 4 at varying concentrations from 0.25 to 2.0 M or by 0.5 M HNO 3. The characterization of the raw and acid-activated bentonites was then conducted by nitrogen adsorption, XRD, XRF, SEM and acid-base …
Activation of bentonite by acid is an important step for adsorption of some impurities by active clay [6]. This is so-called "activation process". The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid [7].
Acid activation technique was opted for modifying natural bentonite (NB) to enhance the adsorptive removal of CIP from water. The BET surface area analysis …
The objective of this work was to determine the changes of thermal and surface properties of a bentonite from Çankιrι after activation using different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions (0.5–4 M).
This study analyzed the structural transformations and adsorption properties of Na-bentonite clay before and after chemical activation by sulfuric and hydrochloric …
Na-bentonite proved to be more efficient in removing target material than natural bentonite. ... One step acid activation of bentonite derived adsorbent for the effective remediation of the new ...
A new approach to acid activation of raw Ca-bentonite was explored. The method consisted in dehydration of clay by thermal pretreatment at 200 °C, followed by …
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as the activation can be performed by mild process conditions and the quality of the end product is better with high specific surface area and ...
The 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 acid–activated Na-bentonite was found to be a good ... bentonite clay-based washing can be a good alternative to water washing which provides options for reactivation of bentonite after the dry washing process ... Shattar SFA, Zakaria NA, Foo KY (2020) One step acid activation of bentonite derived adsorbent for the ...
A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was developed successfully based on the organic intercalation and layered structure of bentonite. The main steps in the proposed process included wet sodium activation of bentonite ore, organic compounding and high-pressure roll grinding. The optimum …
In this work, Algerian Na-bentonite has been activated with hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 24 ... activation process repeated with varying acid concentrations of 0.05 - 0.6 M of HCl. ...
The acid treatment (activation) of bentonite replaces the exchangeable cations (K +, Na + and Ca +2 ) by H + in the interlamellar space and also leaches out apart of Al +3, Fe +3 and Mg +2 ions ...
Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic …
Bentonite has always had a multitude of markets and acid-activated bentonite was a traditional product for many decades. ... Acid activation of a Ca 2+-montmorillonite by treatment with sulphuric-acid solutions and subsequent ... Measurements of heats of adsorption of ammonia were carried out with a K10 catalyst in …
It was shown that activation by acid obtained at a constant temperature and constant period of time provides the possibility to obtain samples of bentonite of searched porosity only by changing ...
Acid treatment involves the penetration of protons into the interlayer of bentonite substituting the exchangeable cations of the clay minerals, and improve the …
In order to improve the quality of Hunyuan inferior Ca-based bentonite (Ca-Bent), semidry process was used to modify Ca-Bent into superior Na-based bentonite (Na-Bent). The factors affecting sodium-modification were investigated. The optimized experimental parameters are obtained as follows: Na2CO3 dosage 4.0%, ageing time …
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of solids concentration, salt concentration, and pH value on the shear rate, shear stress, and other flow parameters of acid-activated bentonite suspensions. Activated Na-bentonite was prepared using sulfuric acid.
Thermal activation is observed to increase the intensity of quartz peak due to the removal of impurities and removal of water from the bentonite structure. This …
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