The oxidation of sulfide-based ores is industrially relevant as it facilitates the extraction of valuable metals and eliminates undesired elements from an ore. Even though oxidation can be done thermally (pyrometallurgy), solution-based (hydrometallurgical) methods are currently sought as they represent a more sustainable option. Here, the …
As for chemical leaching, passivation is also observed on bioleaching with jarosite being likely to be the main contributor. In summary, whilst much has been observed at the macro-scale regarding the chalcopyrite leach process it is clear that interpretation of these phenomena is hampered by lack of understanding at the molecular or atomic scale.
Heap leaching applications of low-grade ores that contain chalcopyrite typically also contain secondary copper and other metal sulfides, which are more readily subjected to dissolution. An example of polymetal sulfide ore extraction is the Terrafame heap leaching operation () in NE Finland. The operation recovers Zn, Ni, Co, Cu ...
Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) particles, exposing anisotropic crystal planes during the grinding process, possess comprehensive surface properties that affect their …
In this study, the dissolution conditions and dissolution kinetics of copper from malachite in the presence of organic acid (C4H6O6) as an organic leaching reagent were examined. The effects of particle size, acid concentration, time, solid/liquid ratio, temperature, and mixing speed on the dissolution process of copper were investigated. …
The recovery of copper from oxide ores containing from 2% to 4.1% acid-soluble copper from the Sarcheshmeh mine in Kerman province of Iran was investigated by agitation leaching in sulfuric acid media. Quartz, as a major constituent, and malachite, as the major copper mineral, were identified in the ore by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and …
Abstract. The magnesium content of laterite ore has a significant impact on the quantity of sulphuric acid required to achieve the target nickel extraction by the high pressure acid leach (HPAL) process, both through direct consumption of acid when magnesium-bearing minerals are dissolved and through "buffering" effects via bisulphate …
Complex chalcopyrite-rich ore is crucial in global copper resources, but is highly refractory in conventional sulfate leaching system. In this paper, we explore the …
e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination. ... The present work aims to complement the previously formulated phenomenological models for caliche ore leaching, through a model that considers the simultaneous dissolution of two species from caliche …
In this study, selective leaching of copper with NH 3 (aq) from ore containing malachite, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 was optimized by using the Taguchi method. After determining the parameters and their levels affecting the leaching efficiency, the experiments were planned using an orthogonal array technique in an L 25 array with six …
In Situ Leaching In situ is Latin for "in position." In terms of ore handling, this is the simplest of all leaching methods (not indicated in Figure 8).
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Although the operating properties of GalvanoxTM leaching have been widely studied in the literature, several factors concerning chalcopyrite passivation during the process remain unknown so far.
nickel laterites, copper ore leaching, uranium ore processing, copper SX-EW, heap leaching and solvent extraction. ALTA conferences. are a world-class annual metallurgical conference and a leading platform for innovation. It comprises five international conferences, panel discussions, short courses, and trade exhibition.
The leaching study showed 0.09% dissolution of copper from the ore body per day. The leach liquor was processed through solvent extraction and electrowinning. Extraction of copper from the actual leach liquor was carried out with 1.5% LIX 622N in kerosene with zero co-extraction of iron. The copper-free raffinate was fed back to the …
A refractory gold ore refers to a sulfide ore that contains finely disseminated gold, or has other factors that mitigate direct cyanidation. Scheelite, i.e. CaWO 4, leaching by Na2CO3 is an example of metathesis (exchange).
Chalcocite is the most important and abundant secondary copper ore in the world with a rapid dissolution of copper in an acid-chloride environment. In this investigation, the methodology of surface optimization will be applied to evaluate the effect of three independent variables (time, concentration of sulfuric acid and chloride concentration) in …
The thin-layer leaching process originally conceived and developed for leaching oxide ores has been successfully adapted to bacterial leaching of mixed and secondary sulphide ores.
During the leaching process, the surface tension of the solution did not substantially change, and that of the solution with surfactant increased slightly. The kinetics analysis of ore column leaching illustrated that the leaching processes were controlled by both internal diffusion (principal factor) and chemical reaction.
Laterite ore is a valuable resource due to its high content of metals essential for modern technology, including nickel, iron, and cobalt. However, extracting nickel from laterite ores is challenging due to their complex mineral composition and low nickel concentrations. This study examined the leaching behavior of pre-roasted laterite ore …
A dilute cyanide solution is an efficient solvent of gold. However, as in any other leaching process, the solvent has to come in contact with the solid gold particle. Hence, extensive crushing and meticulous two-stage, closed-circuit grinding are needed to liberate...
Hypochlorite leaching system is a strong oxidizing solution for metal sulfides, which are naturally associated with gold extraction. This study evaluated the hypochlorite leaching of refractory gold ore by using the response surface method–central composite design (RSM-CCD) as a statistical approach in determining the optimum condition of …
Low-grade copper ore with high fines content is required for agglomeration because of the low permeability of the ore bed during acid heap leaching. H…
A technical and economical trade-off analysis of the cyanide and acid leaching processes is presented in order to establish under what conditions cyanide copper leaching is a competitive ...
The paper focuses on demonstrating the impact of the so-called attrition-leaching phenomenon on the leaching rate of a chalcopyrite concentrate and provides a first …
In this paper, the research progress of hydrometallurgical leaching of low-grade complex chalcopyrite is reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream …
In book: Copper Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Practice (pp.pp. 52-78) ... or run-of-mine ore. Heap leaching generates a pregnant leach solution (PLS) containing 1–6 g/L Cu²⁺, which is sent ...
Hydrometallurgy consists of crushing, leaching (non-oxidation leaching, atmospheric leaching and pressure leaching), solvent extraction and electrowinning and …
This paper outlines a comprehensive, cost-effective testing program for the acid-ferric sulfate heap leaching of oxide, supergene and primary copper ores. It is based on extensive experience in copper heap leaching and uses the many technological advances in the field developed over the past several decades. The approach described …
The leaching of dolomitic-copper ore using sulphuric acid under controlled conditions was studied with a view to evaluating the economic value and the effect of ore pulverisation, particle size ...
This study investigated leaching kinetics by alternative lixiviants for copper leaching from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), the most abundant copper resource in the …
For the hydrometallurgical treatment, bio heap leaching of 40,000 t of low-grade ore using agglomeration and aeration was proven to achieve a copper recovery of 32.6% for the chalcopyrite portion of the ore over 326 days of operation.
In this paper, the research progress of hydrometallurgical leaching of low-grade complex chalcopyrite is reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream leaching processes such as oxidation leaching, coordination leaching, and biological leaching are analyzed.
Complex chalcopyrite-rich ore is crucial in global copper resources, but is highly refractory in conventional sulfate leaching system. In this paper, we explore the leaching of complex chalcopyrite-rich ores employing a mechanically activated pretreatment combined with wastewater with high concentrations of chloride.
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